Here are the 27 letters of the Spanish alphabet and their pronunciation:

A ==> [a]
B ==> [be]
C ==> [ce]
D ==> [de]
E ==> [e]
F ==> [efe]
G ==> [ge]
H ==> [hache]
I ==> [i]
J ==> [jota]
K ==> [ka]
L ==> [ele]
M ==> [eme]
N ==> [ene]
Ñ ==> [eñe]
O ==> [o]
P ==> [pe]
Q ==> [cu]
R ==> [ere]
S ==> [ese]
T ==> [te]
U ==>[u]
V ==> [uve]
W ==> [uve doble]
X ==> [equis]
Y ==> [i griega]
Z ==> [zeta]

Before the 2010 reform of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language, there were even 29! Since then, the letters CH and LL (formerly considered as such) are no longer included.

I. Combinations of letters

The consonant combinations –RH, –PH, or –TH that can be found in English do not exist in Spanish. They are replaced by the letters F, R, or T.

Example : Rhetoric ==> Retórica, Photon ==> Fotón, Thorax ==> Tórax

II. The doubling of consonants

The only consonants that can be doubled in Spanish are those contained in the name CAROLINA, that is to say the letters C, R, L, and N.

The other consonants NEVER double.

Example : perruno (canin), llamar (appeler), innovador (inovateur), accidente (accident).

III. Acronyms

When pluralized, the letters that make up the Spanish acronyms are doubled.

Example :

* United States ==> U.S.A (acronym in English) ==> Estados-Unidos ==> EE.UU (acronym in Spanish)

* Olympic Games ==> O.G. (acronym in English) ==> Juegos Olympicos ==> JJ.OO (acronym in Spanish).

IV. Punctuation

The Spanish and English punctuation rules are identical, with the exception of the question mark and exclamation mark. In fact, in Spanish, the double punctuation rule is applied.

Thus, for a question or an exclamation, the Spanish sentence – in addition to the period – BEGINS with a question mark or an inverted exclamation mark (also called a tumble mark).

Example :

Do you speak Italian? ==> ¿Hablas italiano?
It is very late! ==> ¡ Es muy tarde !